What is the heat index that the weatherperson talks about during the summer? In fact, it is thought that the air around a lightning bolt heats up to five times hotter than the air on the sun's surface. The difference of the group time delay of a lightning pulse at adjacent frequencies is proportional to the distance between transmitter and receiver. Technically, lightning is the movement of electrical charges and doesn't have a temperature; however, resistance to the movement of these electrical charges causes the materials that the lightning is passing through to heat up. Updated Aug 8, 2010 7:49 PM CEST. A common question people ask on online fora is why does heat lightning happen? When the opposite charges build up enough, this insulating capacity of the air breaks down . These discharges normally originate from the tops of very tall structures, such as communications antennas. After the theme park failed to turn over all its records, the USDA reissued its license, which was a blatant violation of the law, experts say. Summer has warm air temperatures and longer days (with shorter nights). Plan your outdoor activities so that you can get to a safe place in case a thunderstorm develops. It is a tip-off that the atmosphere is ripe for storms. The electric field "looks" for a doorknob. Thunder can only be heard if the observer is within 10 miles of the origin of the storm. Thunder occurs when a flash of lightning heats up the air around it making the air expand very rapidly, or explosively. On colliding with air molecules, they produce a shower of lighter particles, some of which are charged. Photographs have been taken in which unattached streamers are clearly visible. Called step potentials,[citation needed] they are responsible for more injuries and deaths in groups of people or of other animals than the strike itself. $\endgroup$ - This was first theorized by Heinz Kasemir.[51][52][53]. Wilson,[106] but no evidence was found until 2001/2002,[107][108][109] when researchers at the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology detected X-ray emissions from an induced lightning strike along a grounded wire trailed behind a rocket shot into a storm cloud. In the latter, heat is an adjective. This huge surge of current creates large radial voltage differences along the surface of the ground. As these relativistic electrons collide and ionize neutral air molecules, they initiate leader formation. The strength or intensity of the electric field is directly related to the amount of charge build-up in the cloud. US Dept of Commerce This is a characteristic of all electrical discharges. The electric field strength within the thundercloud is not typically large enough to initiate this process by itself. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [171] In the traditional religion of the African Bantu tribes, lightning is a sign of the ire of the gods. The North and South Poles are limited in their coverage of thunderstorms and therefore result in areas with the least lightning. Temperatures in the narrow lightning channel reach about 25,000C. The formation of electric charges in the atmosphere is due mainly to the ionisation of air molecules by cosmic rays. The positive charges at the ground are attracted to the stepped leader, so positive charge flows upward from the ground. Another distinct feature of heat lightning is a lack of audible thunder. As a thundercloud moves over the surface of the Earth, an equal electric charge, but of opposite polarity, is induced on the Earth's surface underneath the cloud. As the collisions and freezing continue to occur, and the charges at the top and bottom of the cloud increase, the electric field becomes more and more intense -- so intense, in fact, that the electrons at the Earth's surface are repelled deeper into the Earth by the negative charge at the lower portion of the cloud. A single stroke of lightning can heat the air around it to 30,000C (54,000F)! [21] However, it can also occur during dust storms, forest fires, tornadoes, volcanic eruptions, and even in the cold of winter, where the lightning is known as thundersnow. published 15 July 2010 (Image credit: NOAA) No, it is not possible to have lightning without thunder, according to NOAA. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Weather Service, approximately 1,800 thunderstorms are occurring at any given time, resulting in about 16-million thunderstorms each year. Thunder and lightning occur at roughly the same time although you see the flash of lightning before you hear the thunder. Although this phase of a lightning strike is too rapid for human eyes, this slow-motion video shows it happening. Is Americas first wilderness area still wild at heart? The charge separation has an electric field associated with it. You get to hear a clap of thunder when the storm is about 7 miles away from where you are. Here are a few others you shouldnt believe. Lightning is extremely hota flash can heat the air around it to temperatures, Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic SocietyCopyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. Lightning is not distributed evenly around Earth, as shown in the map. When the stepped leader and the positive charge meet, a strong electric current carries positive charge up into the cloud. All of this happens in a time interval of about 200 milliseconds. Overview and Ideal Conditions, What to See in the Night Sky for March 2023, Saharan Dust: Definition, Properties, and Impact, What Is a Haboob? They are two different phenomena with different mechanisms. (September 2007) "Educated Destruction 101", surge protectors (SPD) or transient voltage surge suppressors (TVSS), New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Learn how and when to remove this template message, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, "The First Photographs of Lightning Crackle with Electric Chaos", "These are the World's First Photos of Lightning", "NWS Lightning Safety: Understanding Lightning: Thunderstorm Electrification", "Bench collapse sparks lightning, roiling clouds", Lightning Activity in Atlantic Tropical Cyclones: Using the Long-Range Lightning Detection Network (LLDN), The Promise of Long-Range Lightning Detection in Better Understanding, Nowcasting, and Forecasting of Maritime Storms, "In situ ground-based mobile measurement of lightning events above central Europe", "The 13 years of TRMM Lightning Imaging Sensor: From individual flash characteristics to decadal tendencies", "Kifuka place where lightning strikes most often", "770-km US megaflash sets new lightning record", "A Review of Thunderstorm Electrification Processes", 10.1175/1520-0450(1993)032<0642:AROTEP>2.0.CO;2, "The Spontaneous Nature of Lightning Initiation Revealed", "Detailed Footage Finally Reveals What Triggers Lightning", "Lightning attachment process to common buildings", More Than 300 Reindeer Killed By Lightning: Here's Why, "The propagation speed of a positive lightning return stroke", "Lightning Protection and Transient Overvoltage | VERDOLIN SOLUTIONS INC. | HIGH VOLTAGE POWER ENGINEERING SERVICES", "NWS JetStream The Positive and Negative Side of Lightning", "High-speed video observations of positive lightning flashes to ground", "Upward electrical discharges fromthunderstorms", "Characteristics of Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Associated with Violent Tornadoes", 10.1175/1520-0434(1997)012<0428:COCTGL>2.0.CO;2, "A Lightning Primer Characteristics of a Storm", "Brett Porter, Photo in 1987, BBC:Ball lightning baffles scientists, day, 21 December, 2001, 00:26 GMT", "Weather Library: Lightning Types & Classifications", "When Lightning Strikes Out of a Blue Sky", "Definition of Rocket Lightning, AMS Glossary of Meteorology", 10.1175/1520-0477(1985)066<0020:MOOLFS>2.0.CO;2, "Upward lightning flashes characteristics from high-speed videos", "Synoptic scale outbreak of self-initiated upward lightning (SIUL) from tall structures during the central U.S. Blizzard of 1-2 February 2011", "What happens when lightning strikes an airplane? Air is a very poor conductor of electricity and gets extremely hot when lightning passes through it. If you are caught outside and can't get to a safe place, there are things you should avoid so that you don't increase the chance of being struck. About 90% of ionic channel lengths between "pools" are approximately 45m (148ft) in length. The distribution of hot and cold temperatures around a thunderstorm causes sound waves to be bent, or refracted, upward into the sky rather than toward the ground where an observer may be listening. They usually happen at the same time as powerful positive CG lightning strokes. Each subsequent stroke usually re-uses the discharge channel taken by the previous one, but the channel may be offset from its previous position as wind displaces the hot channel. [165], A study from the University of Washington looked at lightning activity in the Arctic from 2010 to 2020. Thunder If the distance gets farther, the thunder becomes completely inaudible. 469 people died when lightning struck a set of oil tanks in 1994, causing burning oil to flood a town (1994, Dronka, Egypt). The louder the sound that you hear, the closer you are to the lightning. Questions? You just touched a metal doorknob after shuffling your rubber-soled feet across the carpet. This region is typically at the elevation where freezing occurs within the cloud. The word heat in heat lightning doesnt mean this lightning is created from excessive heat in the atmosphere. [34] The second most lightning density is near the village of Kifuka in the mountains of the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo,[35] where the elevation is around 975m (3,200ft). Most thunderstorms occur later in the day because in the evening, the ground is at its hottest, following an entire day of sun heating, which causes warm air to rise and meet the relatively cooler air up in the atmosphere, leading to instability. [citation needed], Positive lightning strikes tend to be much more intense than their negative counterparts. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The most notable of these features is an obscured lightning bolt. Chem. Tiffany Means is a meteorologist who has worked for CNN, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and more. Side Flash A side flash (also called a side splash) occurs when lightning strikes a taller object near the victim and a portion of the current jumps from taller object to the victim. NWS Phys. Since 2017, she has worked as a freelance science writer covering natural disasters, the climate crisis, and the environment. When the rising ice crystals collide with graupel, the ice crystals become positively charged and the graupel becomes negatively charged; see Figure 2. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. In fact it is how thunderstorms got their name. The water vapor-dense contrails of airplanes may provide a lower resistance pathway through the atmosphere having some influence upon the establishment of an ionic pathway for a lightning flash to follow. Rather, it's a. 3090 Center Green Drive, Boulder, CO 80301, ACOM | Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling, CISL | Computational & Information Systems, EdEC | Education, Engagement & Early-Career Development, Government Relations & External Engagement. Thunder sounds, just like other sound waves, can either be reflected, refracted, or become absorbed by the medium it travels in. Lightning's relative unpredictability limits a complete explanation of how or why it occurs, even after hundreds of years of scientific investigation. This belief is based on the outdated idea that lightning leaders are unipolar and originate from their respective charge region. Also, the sound of thunder can only be heard for about 10 miles from a flash. A bolt of lightning heats the air along its path causing it to expand rapidly. I am not sure if this covers the meaning we have for it in Norwegian; it is said that Thor, the god of thunder, swung his hammer over the fields to get the grain ready for harvest. [10], William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) demonstrated that charge separation in water occurs in the usual electric fields at the earth's surface and developed a continuous electric field measuring device using that knowledge. Once a downward leader connects to an available upward leader, a process referred to as attachment, a low-resistance path is formed and discharge may occur. The cooled air falls into lower layers of the atmosphere, becomes warm (gains kinetic energy), and ascends again. Lightning happens. As negatively charged leaders approach, increasing the localized electric field strength, grounded objects already experiencing corona discharge will exceed a threshold and form upward streamers. The combination of the rapid heating of the air by the lightning and the subsequent rapid cooling creates sound waves. [115] In the troposphere the effect of lightning can increase NOx by 90% and ozone by 30%.[116]. A thunderstorm is first formed when moist, warm air ascends into a layer of cold air. The core temperature of the plasma during the return stroke may exceed 50,000 K, causing it to radiate with a brilliant, blue-white color. Despite the popular misconception that these[clarification needed] are positive lightning strikes due to them seemingly originating from the positive charge region, observations have shown that these are in fact negative flashes. A dew point less than 55 means the air is dry, the National Weather Service notes. [112] Recent research has shown that secondary species, produced by these TGFs, such as electrons, positrons, neutrons or protons, can gain energies of up to several tens of MeV. If we are watching the sky, we see the lightning before we hear the thunder. Most CG lightning is negative, meaning that a negative charge is transferred to ground and electrons travel downward along the lightning channel (conventionally the current flows from the ground to the cloud). When does lightning occur in Arizona? Monsoon storm producing a forked lightning bolt from the Red Hills Visitors Center at Saguaro National Park in Arizona. [8] The main charging area in a thunderstorm occurs in the central part of the storm where air is moving upward rapidly (updraft) and temperatures range from 15 to 25C (5 to 13F); see Figure 1. An unusually large lower positive charge region in the thundercloud. Some might even be absorbed by these media and a fraction of it will continue on the same path. Objects on the ground, like steeples, trees, and the Earth itself, become positively chargedcreating an imbalance that nature seeks to remedy by passing current between the two charges. High-speed videos can show the attachment process in progress.[54]. This repulsion of electrons causes the Earth's surface to acquire a strong positive charge. Leaders are electrically conductive channels of ionized gas that propagate through, or are otherwise attracted to, regions with a charge opposite of that of the leader tip. However, because light travels much faster than sounds of thunder, it is possible to see lightning from thunderstorms over 100 miles away. In fact, lightning can heat the air it passes through to 50,000 degrees Fahrenheit (5 times hotter than the surface of the sun). Most people do not realize that they can be struck by . Because large bodies of water lack the topographic variation that would result in atmospheric mixing, lightning is notably less frequent over the world's oceans than over land. The overall discharge, termed a flash, is composed of a number of processes such as preliminary breakdown, stepped leaders, connecting leaders, return strokes, dart leaders, and subsequent return strokes. The frequent crackles heard when tuned into an AM radio station during a thunderstorm are sferics from the lightning discharges. Well, not really, but it's the same idea. Volcanic activity produces lightning-friendly conditions in multiple ways. The best-studied and understood form of lightning is cloud to ground (CG) lightning. Why is it still open? St Elmos fire is a bright blue or violet glow due to the formation of luminous plasma. The air should be comfortable for you when you're outdoors in this range. Not Real, That's What." Identifying a very strange skeleton, Fossils reveal predator's struggle to survive mass extinction, You can't detox your uterusdebunking popular myths about PCOS, 10 national parks to avoid the summer crowds. The flow of warm ocean currents past drier land masses, such as the Gulf Stream, partially explains the elevated frequency of lightning in the Southeast United States. Do not touch or use electronics like laptops, dryers, or stoves. Dry thunderstorms produce thunder, lightning, and precipitation, but are called dry because their rainfall evaporates before reaching the ground. [clarification needed]. Published Aug 8, 2010 4:47 PM CEST This is because light travels much faster than sound. Most lightning occurs within the clouds. Anecdotally, there are many examples of people saying 'the storm was directly overhead or all-around and yet there was no thunder'. This information is made available to scientists via a high-speed internet connection provided by REANNZ (Research and Education Advanced Network New Zealand). triggered . [144], In 2022 EUMETSAT plan to launch the Lightning Imager (MTG-I LI) on board Meteosat Third Generation. Yipes! Three primary types of lightning are defined by the "starting" and "ending" points of a flash channel. This symbol usually represents power and speed. Ordinary lightning, on the other hand, is typically observed at distances no more than a few miles away, which is close enough to not only see a white bolt, but also the red, orange, yellow, or violet hues along the bolts edges. Lightning is an electrical discharge caused by imbalances between storm clouds and the ground, or within the clouds themselves. Donegan, Brian. While the National Weather Service estimated that lightning injures people and causes deaths, none of it is due to heat lightning. Click here to download this video (1920x1080, 102 MB, video/mp4). The unattached downward leaders are also visible in branched lightning, none of which are connected to the earth, although it may appear they are. This is false, as the name heat lightning only alludes to the fact that this type of lightning is often found on hot and humid summer nights. Cutoff of an extended negative leader from its origin which creates a new bidirectional leader in which the positive end strikes the ground, commonly seen in anvil-crawler spider flashes. How can you tell if a wild animal really needs your help? When this potential difference reaches a certain value, sharp-pointed ground-based objects are seen to glow, often with a hissing sound. If you can hear thunder, the storm is near enough to you to pose an immediate threat; after the thunder ends, wait 30 minutes before resuming outdoor activities, If thunder clouds are anywhere near, you should not be outside. [22][23] Hurricanes typically generate some lightning, mainly in the rainbands as much as 160km (99mi) from the center.[24][25][26]. This answers our question: All lightning creates thunder because all lightning is hot enough to create that sonic boom. ), The Institution of Engineering and Technology, London, United Kingdom, 2014, pp. And it is not only specific to heat lightning. Lightning is visible as a flash of blue-white light. It makes thunderstorm clouds! [178] The Schutzstaffel, the paramilitary wing of the Nazi Party, used the Sig rune in their logo which symbolizes lightning. NASA SciJinks website on lightning with easy-to-read information and good animations. 'Worlds worst shipwreck' was bloodier than we thought. Although more common, intra-cloud (IC) and cloud-to-cloud (CC) flashes are very difficult to study given there are no "physical" points to monitor inside the clouds. [19] Lightning primarily occurs when warm air is mixed with colder air masses,[20] resulting in atmospheric disturbances necessary for polarizing the atmosphere. How'd she do it? Due to the extensive solid material (ash) content, unlike the water rich charge generating zones of a normal thundercloud, it is often called a dirty thunderstorm. Newitz, A. This complete picture of lightning at any given time will improve "now-casting" of dangerous thunderstorms, tornadoes, hail, and flash floods. Electrification can be by the triboelectric effect as a result of ion transfer between colliding bodies. This does not mean that you should not take shelter when you see one, it might precede other types of dangerous lightning. Your rubber-soled shoes picked up stray electrons from the carpet. Heat lightning is responsible for virtually none of these incidents, mainly because its strikes are too far away to do direct or indirect bodily harm. For reasons not well understood, bidirectional leaders tend to initiate on the tips of the decayed positive leaders in which the negative end attempts to re-ionize the leader network. Seek shelter immediately, even if you were outdoors when it started. In a typical cloud-to-ground flash, a bidirectional leader initiates between the main negative and lower positive charge regions in a thundercloud. Other visible bolts may appear as bead, ribbon, or rocket lightning. The actual discharge is the final stage of a very complex process. Yipes! Could this simple plan save Africa's most mysterious cat? A complex arrangement of charge regions in a thundercloud, effectively resulting in an. Dry Lightning Sparks Concern for Wildfires, Hikers in the Southwest. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The larger and denser graupel is either suspended in the middle of the thunderstorm cloud or falls toward the lower part of the storm. Many people believe heat lightning is produced by hot and humid conditions, lighting up the night sky without any rain or thunder in the immediate area. Please Contact Us. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Many factors affect the frequency, distribution, strength and physical properties of a typical lightning flash in a particular region of the world. The basic idea is that thunder clouds can become giant Van de Graaff generators and create huge charge separations within the cloud. Heat lightning is not a special category of lightning; It is merely a flash of ordinary lightning without accompanying thunder or rainfall and majorly occurs in the warm, humid winter months. In that area, the combination of temperature and rapid upward air movement produces a mixture of super-cooled cloud droplets (small water droplets below freezing), small ice crystals, and graupel (soft hail). There is a huge potential difference (voltage) established between the negative base of the cloud and the positive ground. The electric current of the return stroke averages 30 kiloamperes for a typical negative CG flash, often referred to as "negative CG" lightning. Leaders often split, forming branches in a tree-like pattern. [163], Some high energy cosmic rays produced by supernovas as well as solar particles from the solar wind, enter the atmosphere and electrify the air, which may create pathways for lightning bolts. Safety1325 East West HighwaySilver Spring, MD 20910Comments? These leaders, also called recoil leaders, usually decay shortly after their formation. It is easier to study scientifically because it terminates on a physical object, namely the Earth, and lends itself to being measured by instruments on the ground. Different common names used to describe a particular lightning event may be attributed to the same or to different events. "Safety National Program Understanding Lightning: Thunder." If the volcanic ash plume rises to freezing temperatures, ice particles form and collide with ash particles to cause electrification. Together with direction-finding methods, this allows locating lightning strikes up to distances of 10,000km from their origin. The positively and negatively charged leaders proceed in opposite directions, positive upwards within the cloud and negative towards the earth. This article titled why does heat lightning happen? has explored the subject extensively. No credit card required. These sferics are registered at the 60 WWLLN receiving stations around the world and provide a near real-time information dataset. Air is a very poor conductor of electricity and gets extremely hot when lightning passes through it. [66], Cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning is either positive or negative, as defined by the direction of the conventional electric current between cloud and ground. The cycle continues and is referred to as a convection cell. Cosmic rays are high-energy particles such as protons that originate from outside the solar system. [43] In addition, negative and some positive leaders travel in a discontinuous fashion, in a process called "stepping". Unlike hot plasma lightning, they are cold plasma forms somewhat similar to the discharges that occur in a fluorescent tube. Most people have witnessed heat lightning before, but few realize that what they observed wasnt a rare kind of electrical storm, but rather, ordinary lightning from a storm cloud too far away to be seen, and accompanied by thunder too far away to be heard. Once a conductive channel bridges the air gap between the negative charge excess in the cloud and the positive surface charge excess below, there is a large drop in resistance across the lightning channel. Of the three primary types of lightning, it poses the greatest threat to life and property since it terminates on the Earth or "strikes". A common observation is that thunderclaps follow lightning because light waves travel faster than sound waves. Thunderstorms and Lightning: Underrated Killers. Central Africa is the area of the world where lightning strikes most frequently. We now know that the heat lightning cause is because the thunder sound emitted at the source of the thunderstorm is muzzled and dies off due to reflection. Once the voltage reaches a certain strength, the air between the base of the cloud and the ground develops an electrical conductivity. Benjamin Franklin installed one such device in his house. Definition and Monitoring, What to See in the Night Sky for December 2022, According to the National Weather Service, too far away to do direct or indirect bodily harm. High above thunderstorm clouds at altitudes between 5090 km, large-scale electrical discharges can occur. Pyrocumulonimbus clouds form in an unstable atmosphere. The earliest detector invented to warn of the approach of a thunderstorm was the lightning bell. It's the no thunder I'm not understanding. Distant thunder has a characteristic low-pitched rumbling sound. Working with the collaboration of scientists from around the world, the network plots lightning discharge locations seconds after they occur. All You Need to Know! Lightning is an electrical discharge caused by imbalances between storm clouds and the ground, or within the clouds themselves. Data 17, 513886 (1988). In a fraction of a second, lightning heats the air around it to incredible temperaturesas hot as 54,000 F (30,000 C). This separates the positive (+) and negative (-) charges of the cloud. Since the sound waves propagate not from a single point source but along the length of the lightning's path, the sound origin's varying distances from the observer can generate a rolling or rumbling effect. The place on Earth where lightning occurs most often is over Lake Maracaibo, wherein the Catatumbo lightning phenomenon produces 250 bolts of lightning a day. Never lie on the ground as that increase the chances for being struck by dangerous ground current. When warm air from the ground rises into an atmosphere that is below freezing, it can cause electrical charges to separate. Here are some important rules to remember about lightning safety: First rule of lightning safety: No place outside is safe near a thunderstorm. [44] The establishment of the ionic channel takes a comparatively long amount of time (hundreds of milliseconds) in comparison to the resulting discharge, which occurs within a few dozen microseconds. The wind will blow each successive return stroke . Heat lightning happens because the thunder that is supposed to accompany some cloud-to-ground or cloud-to-cloud lightning from a far distance dies before reaching you. These charges are formed within and outside a cloud or thunderstorm. This is why you dont hear thunderclaps during heat lightning. Those electrons built up on your shoes giving them a static charge. [60], To understand why multiple return strokes utilize the same lightning channel, one needs to understand the behavior of positive leaders, which a typical ground flash effectively becomes following the negative leader's connection with the ground. Most lightning occurs within the clouds. If there is enough instability in the air, the updraft of warm air is rapid and the water vapour. Zap! Information on transient luminous events produced by large thunderstorms in the upper atmosphere. [46] Percolation theory, especially for the case of biased percolation,[47][clarification needed] describes random connectivity phenomena, which produce an evolution of connected structures similar to that of lightning strikes. Heat lightning can happen in the summer months when it's hot and sunny, or during thunderstorms when clouds are moving over the warmer ground. Streamers are most often initiated from tall objects on the ground. 545576 in, Kasemir, H. W. (1950) "Qualitative bersicht ber Potential-, Feld- und Ladungsverhaltnisse Bei einer Blitzentladung in der Gewitterwolke" (Qualitative survey of the potential, field and charge conditions during a lightning discharge in the thunderstorm cloud) in, V. Cooray, Mechanism of the Lightning Flash, in The Lightning Flash, 2nd ed., V. Cooray (Ed. [9], The induced separation of charge in pure liquid water has been known since the 1840s as has the electrification of pure liquid water by the tribo-electric effect. It is at this point that we see lightning and hear thunder. These are usually seen as a thunderstorm passes over the observer or begins to decay. You can see and hear it. Where does the thunder (and lightning) come from? Or get a Premium Subscription to access the best of Nat Geo - just $19. Light travels at about 300,000,000m/s (980,000,000ft/s), and sound travels through air at about 343m/s (1,130ft/s). Positive lightning tends to occur more frequently in winter storms, as with thundersnow, during intense tornadoes[75] and in the dissipation stage of a thunderstorm. The term heat lightning is commonly used to describe lightning from a distant thunderstorm just too far away to see the actual cloud-to-ground flash or to hear the accompanying thunder. [9], The differences in the movement of the precipitation cause collisions to occur. Lightning is a giant spark of electricity in the atmosphere between clouds, the air, or the ground. 80 years ago, young men of color were attacked for their unpatriotic fashion choices, leading to the Zoot Suit Riots.
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