J. Manag. doi: 10.1080/09500693.2021.2006819, Murray, J. Research on developing competency-based education from elementary to higher education has been upheld after professor McClelland claimed that it was a competency that determines the future success of high-school students (McClelland, 1973; McLagan, 1980; Vazirani, 2010; Bergsmann et al., 2015; Ahmed and Bodner, 2017). (US: John Wiley & Sons). Humor. 28, 114. A protocol for semi-structured interviews including interview questions was designed by the author. Four competency areas of teacher educators are summarized in Table 2. Am. Patience Teachers of all levels should know their classrooms will represent a variety of cultural backgrounds, learning styles and intellectual abilities. Professional development of teacher educators: what do they do? (2021) and Blakov et al. eds. Professional development of teacher educators in further education: Pathways, knowledge, identities, and Vocationalism (London and New York: Routledge). doi: 10.1080/19415257.2015.1114506. The Intrapersonal Domain includes three clusters of competencies: intellectual openness, work ethic and conscientiousness, and positive core self-evaluation. Professional ethics includes political loyalty, lifestyle, and preservation of teachers morality. [International] teammates work professionally and are willing to help and share experience. Experienced teacher educators are working on multiple research projects from the faculty level to the international level, as in the case of Thu, Nam, Linh, Tai, and Quang. Behav. The model includes professional, educational, motivational, communication, personal, scientific, research, and publishing competencies. Adaptability A review of research on teacher competencies in higher education. 27, 12231234. An awareness of the professions sacredness influences teacher educators to make the learners aware of their impact on the future students. Table 1. Self-motivation and dedication to the job (Blakov et al., 2014; Du et al., 2014; Tripathi, 2015; Dervenis et al., 2022). Teach. As a result of internationalization of higher education, the number of published academic papers in international journals has a place in promotion criteria of teacher educators; hence, improving English linguistic ability is important (MacPhail et al., 2019). 36, 4560. Prof. Dev. They expect them to leave positive, exemplary marks on them and to treat their future students well. doi: 10.4324/9781003160052-2, Singh,, Swaran, C. K., Mostafa, N. A. Novice teacher educators experience 12-month probation and are evaluated regarding their specialty, pedagogical skill, scientific research capability, morality, and manner by colleagues, managers, and learners (The National Assembly, 2019). The next area of knowledge relates to the reality of education and multidisciplinary knowledge of different cultures and fields. develop appropriate and varied teaching/learn-ing situations involving a reasonable level of complexity that enable students to progress in the development of their competencies; Build these activities into a long-term plan. The amount of knowledge must be just enough for the allocated time. (2015). Hong came to the profession in search of her first career as a journalist. Research content, data collection methodology, participants sampling, and data protection were presented and approved before the data collection was conducted. He did this for years, and whenever he received constructive feedback, he made changes to improve his teaching. He is mindful of teaching as a profession with hard living conditions. Those purposive samples showed fewer achievements in scientific research than those volunteering to join the study. Teacher educators work is evaluated annually; however, the shared criteria of staff-assessment has not been available for the public. She did not only observe, she also recorded her well-known colleagues classes, re-watched them, and noted down good explanations to use in her class. Remaining resilient and positive is mentioned by Hong, who chose the sunflower as her symbol. J. Loughran and M. L. Hamilton, vol. The role model trait is significantly shown in teacher educators personal competency including their positive mental, spiritual, and behavioral aspect (Dervenis et Linh: For me to be independent, I must complete a PhD. doi: 10.2304/eerj.2008.7.3.311. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.440, Goodwin, A. L., and Kosnik, C. (2013). Interviewer: How did you expand the field knowledge? Teach. I also dont like to stand out; I just want to be in my shell and work according to my interests and abilities. Therefore, building and maintaining good behavior are emphasized and practiced in learning and working. The professionals need complex competencies to be beneficial to both the learners learning and the institutions mission (Tack et al., 2021). Research-procedural knowledge includes finding an interesting topic, balancing quantitative and qualitative data (especially in the social sciences), writing papers, and obtaining research funding, which become important once one is confident in ones educational work. From the literature of teacher educators competency, four areas of competencies are categorized as follows. In our study, teacher competence is conceptualized as a comprehensive multi-dimensional construct including a broad range of subject-specific and generic 7:1046698. doi: 10.3389/feduc.2022.1046698, Kirkwood, J. Educ. I also joined different research groups. Quang describes himself as a turtle with a clear direction and steady progress. Second, the way they work is very scientific and timesaving. Meanwhile, there is an agreement that competency changes overtime and is embedded in contexts and influenced by persons values (Crick, 2008). Linh: I also learned from colleagues. Narrative inquiries make it possible to conceptualize experiences with the growth of an individual (Clandinin, 2007). Assur. Their competencies are formed through experiences at work and their reflection to figure out what works for them. How do teacher educators use professional standards in their practice? They were recorded for later transcription with the permission of the interviewees. This experience was made in five cases with Quang, Nam, Thu, Hong, and Linh. This study was generously supported by the Japanese Government Scholarship (MEXT). The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author. I update teaching content, but not as much as in foreign countries. They gained an understanding of the reality of education through teacher training in schools, as in the cases of Linh, Tai, and Quang. In May 2023, Frontiers adopted a new reporting platform to be Counter 5 compliant, in line with industry standards. Dedicated 75, 93104. Heliyon 8:e09185. Moreover, available professional resources lack a professional knowledge base, a designed induction program, organizational support, and incentives (Swennen et al., 2009; Lunenberg et al., 2017; Wilwohl, 2017; Lunenberg and Dengerink, 2021; Mork et al., 2021). doi: 10.1007/978-981-16-9785-2_30, Salleh, K. M., Khalid, N. H., Sulaiman, N. L., Mohamad, M. M., and Sern, L. C. (2015). Changes in teacher education requirements in Thailand in the twenty-first century in Handbook of research on teacher education: Innovations and practices in Asia. That competition ranges at all levels: class, faculty, and university. Dev. Teach. (The Netherlands: Sense Publishers), doi: 10.1007/978-94-6209-518-2, Lunenberg, M., Murray, J., Smith, K., and Vanderlinde, R. (2017). From the competency and professional development literature, it has not clarified how the above-mentioned eight competencies are formed during teacher educators work in a study, particularly the development of interpersonal, motivational, and ethical competency. Teach. I thought I am not as good as my friends. The findings also serve as practical guidance for self-preparation and development for those working as teacher educators in demanding contexts. (2022). Without that, I will probably give up very easily. Tai: I remember there is a teacher who is going to retire this year. Can CAMPUS Asia program be a next ERASMUS? The professional development of higher education-based teacher educators. I must back what I say with evidence. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09185, Smith, K. (2005). Tai: When I teach, I often tell my student teachers that they have more power than I do. Teach. Learning through engagement in research is mainly used by professionals with more work experience. A globally competent teacher has knowledge of the world, critical global issues, their local impact, and the cultural backgrounds of learners; manifests Merriam, S. B., and Tisdell, E. J. Teacher educators see themselves as role models for their learners. (2014) developed a competence model for tertiary teachers in the Slovak Republic. Procedia Soc. This shows that the teacher educator profession has been attempted to be standardized by researchers and managers. Gaining basic disciplines of teaching adults, building a relationship with colleagues, and familiarizing oneself with the tertiary working environment hold their attention (Murray and Male, 2005; Dengerink et al., 2015). In addition, this study was conducted without examining the impact of the current COVID-19 pandemic on the work of teacher educators; therefore, the results cannot specifically identify any competencies that have emerged because of the pandemic. She started teaching without loving it; however, after years of being serious about it and putting all her efforts into it, she discovered quite alluring qualities about the subject and began to love her subject. Nam: Once I read that section of physics book, it hooked my entire attention. Thus, teacher educators are aware of the increasing number of research products as evidenced by research grants received, articles published, or collaborative projects. 2 (Singapore: Springer), 3570. Teacher educators are classified into school-based, university-based (Murray et al., 2021), community-based teacher educators (White, 2019), and hybrid teacher educators (Hall-Kenyon et al., 2022). To develop teaching skills, teacher educators, who graduated from HNUE, claimed to be prepared with their formal education during their bachelors and masters courses. (2007). WebOur Teaching Competencies serve as the foundation for hiring, evaluation and growth. Individual learning, such as joining specialized seminars and organized courses, is also utilized to equip their capabilities (Dengerink et al., 2015). I observed from A to Z. I brought my camera and filmed it from the beginning to the end. Nam: Actually, I always try to work to the best of my ability. Teachers work on very limited budgets, so creativity and resourcefulness are two personal skills that make it easier to be effective. 43, 163178. Educ. 21, 125142. Which competencies do Vietnamese teacher educators draw from their work experience? WebThe Tennessee Department of Education, in collaboration with the Center on Great Teachers and Leaders and the Appalachia Regional Comprehensive Center, is happy to present a series of online modules that introduces you to social and personal competencies and teaching practices that support the academic, social, and emotional My job is not only teaching but also research, those are the two missions of the university. Hence, motivation and self-reflection are placed at the core of good characteristics of teacher educators. (2015). Hence, that is an example that affects me. Sci. Personal and social responsibilities. The student teachers provided a direct service to children with motor functional diversity, Pseudonyms are used for participants to anonymize their identities. (2022), in which the internal motivation of teacher educators promotes them to be life-long learners. 1. WebThese 12 competencies (proficiencies for life long learning and professional growth) have been developed with instructors, and in collaboration with our field partners. Thu: I have been obsessed since high school, maybe its owing to limited information for job hunting. Positive motivation and personal values influence how teacher educators interact with and convey messages to others and how they develop themselves. doi: 10.1080/02607476.2014.992635, Dervenis, C., Fitsilis, P., and Iatrellis, O. Despite this need, contextual competency in the field of teacher education, especially in Asia, is a deficiency that challenges their preparation for the profession and is the reason for this study. Koster, B., Brekelmans, M., Korthagen, F. A. J., and Wubbels, T. (2005). Sometimes, I was so tired because, as a woman, I just need job security; yet, my seniors are sources of my motivation. How do Vietnamese teacher educators construct those competencies in their work? Findings from an explorative international study. Some require their teacher educators to have a good academic research profile whereas others do not. Competences and competence model of university teachers. The research site is the Hanoi National University of Education (HNUE). eds. Communication and Interpersonal Skills; Organization and Planning; Classroom Kusahara, K., and Iwata, S. (2021). Self-reflection is not only about professional needs but also about the personal values that teacher educators bring to work and convey to learners. Prof. Dev. Those who entered the profession with a love of teaching, knowledge and learning, and striving for the ideal role model show greater professional commitment than those who entered the profession without these characteristics. Z. M. I., Mulyadi, D., Madzlan, N. A., Ong, E. T., et al. If the participants did not want to answer any questions during the interviews, the author did not persist with that issue. The present study offered insights into these contextual competencies based on narratives of Vietnamese practitioners. At night, I watched the recording again, and jotted down what they said, sometimes, I checked whether what they said is true. WebYou dont need to have a specific personality type to be an inspiring and effective teacher. Participants approved the content of the informed consent emailed to them before the interviews. Good parts with nice lecturing were kept and used in my lecture. Interpersonal understanding in the conceptual framework is an element embedded in collaboration competency. (2009). Another disposition is to possess the love of knowledge, learning, and research. doi: 10.1080/19415257.2018.1529610, McClelland, D. C. (1973). Competence at work: Models for superior performance. Eight participants with working experience ranging from 6 to 26 years were interviewed for 60180min during JanuaryApril 2021. Interpersonal skills also change over time through working with others, which Thu noted. Hung: I observed lectures in France to see how they teach. Personal competencies for effective teaching: a review based study. Understanding competencies and the process of acquiring them contributes to a shared set of essential abilities for teacher educators professional development. (2014) concluded eight competencies for good university teachers: scientific, teaching, transversal (teamwork, information-communication technology [ICT], linguistic, etc. Testing for competence rather than for intelligence. Murray, J., Smith, K., Vanderlinde, R., and Lunenberg, M. (2021). Additionally, this profession is heterogeneous since it involves those working in different contexts. Prior literature reported that teacher educators experience uncertainties and frustrations about teaching duties; assessment of learners; research; lack of time; heavy workload; and consolidation of multiple identities after job entry, which has been showcased in Czechia, Japan, Australia, and the Netherlands (Vander Klink et al., 2017). Evaluation of competence-based teaching in higher education: from theory to practice. [] I value creativity and independence [] In teaching or research, I encourage students to be curious and ask questions. (2017). Both individual and collaborative research projects help to increase their confidence and standing in the academic world (Ben-Peretz et al., 2010; Ping et al., 2018). Experienced professors are considerably active in working closely with their network of professors in their professional community, not just in their institute. eds. Explain your answer. The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Superior teachers are reported to possess 14 competencies in descending order, beginning with the competencies of impact and influence on others through presentations, use of teaching methods that meet the needs of learners, interpersonal understanding of human diversity, confidence in ones own abilities, control of ones own emotions and behavior, other self-reflection and personal development, subject matter knowledge, service orientation to clients [learners], teamwork and cooperation, analytical thinking, conceptual thinking, initiative, flexibility, and directness or assertiveness (saying no) (Spencer and Spencer, 1993). The possibilities and challenges of the Campus Asia program. Front. After transcribing each interview, the content was sent back to the interviewees for their confirmation and validation before the data analysis. This selection benefits teacher education by receiving and training potential teacher educators before they enter the profession. Themes and subthemes for competencies of teacher educators. Roelofs and Sanders Blakov et al. Another way to deepen their knowledge is to teach gifted student teachers for regional and international competitions, design test items for national tests, and write secondary school textbooks, as Tai and Nam do. I think I have an innate capacity to teach. Knowles, Malcolm S., (1980). The cases studied support the argument that the combination of motivation and cognitive skills does more than individual effects (Blakov et al., 2014, p. 458). What learners hate the most is our overtime teaching [laughs]. Hong: Any teachers are appraised by the students for attractive class, I came to monitor their class, to see how they lecture, what their manner is. For me, he is a gorgeous person, with a tough character and a great personality. Becoming a teacher Educator: voices of beginning teacher educators. In Becoming a teacher Educator: Theory and practice for teacher educators, eds. The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study. Educ. A participant with teaching experience noted a difference between teaching students and student teachers. Internationalizing teacher education in the United States: a teacher Educators journey from conceptualization to implementation. Professional competencies are attributable for local contexts which govern specific and focused competencies (Ahmed and Bodner, 2017). For example, it was only English earlier, now I teach in both English and Vietnamese in parallel. doi: 10.14221/ajte.2011v36n4.3, Chun, J.-h. (2016). This study concludes that teacher educators need complex competencies to meet the demands of learners, institutions, social expectations, and the changing society. The use of English as a medium of instruction is not found among those who graduated domestically. Changing views of teachers and teaching in Vietnam. (2022) confirmed that technological competency is an emerged skill of university professionals due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Quang created a Google form and asked his students to evaluate his classes during the semester. Hong: I often tell my students that there are challenges that make us feel discouraged, even hopeless. But there are also people who persevered, researched, and achieved great success. Educ. (2005) synthesized four categories of teacher educators competencies in the Netherlands, which are content knowledge, communication, and reflection, and organizational and pedagogical understanding. The passion for their thirst for knowledge and the love of books make academics work continuously despite hard living and working conditions. Learning from others in a professional community is powerful for new teacher educators. 2. There are teachers who teach poorly, students learn once and then it is spread that news, the salary is low. The embodied nature of narrative knowledge: a cross-study analysis of embodied knowledge in teaching, learning, and life. Effective teaching: A Review Based Study | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate Teach. Professional development of novice teacher educators: professional self, interpersonal relations and teaching skills. You know, I studied ten, I can only teach one. Teach. Tai: I often tell my students that if one chooses a teaching career, he must love books and knowledge. These motivations can be both innate and developed during their actual work. Collaborative teacher Educator professional development in Europe: different voices, one goal. (2014). Four teacher educatorsNam, Tai, Hung, and Quangselected inquiry-oriented student teachers during their interactions and nurtured these students for their future academic work. In this study, competency is defined as follows: a combination of knowledge, skills, attitudes, motivation and personal characteristics allowing teacher educators to effectively work (Spencer and Spencer, 1993; Koster et al., 2005, p. 159). Additionally, given that motivational competency can influence ones professional impulse, a mix-method or longitudinal research design would be meaningful for highlighting how this competency affects learning experience of student teachers. Tai: That was when I began studying at HNUE, I read about that ideal professor [.] The narrower the scope is, the more intense the conflict is [] The lesson must be related to life. These teachers competencies shall cover: 1) effective development and assessment of different thinking skills; 2) adoption of new ideas as regard teaching methods; 3) effective classroom management which allows proper communication between them and their students; 4) integration of ICT to teaching; 5) improved research skills; Two expertsHong and Trawere admitted without recommendation from the seniors and later participated less actively in the research. Quality requirements for teacher educators. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4020-8874-2_7. Qual. Linh: As for the skill, I think teacher educator must have two important skills. eds. The great art teacher is a pleasure to work with and positively contributes to more areas than their classroom. This study also articulates the developmental circumstances for each competency which is currently insufficient in the literature of teacher educators. Quang: While teaching specialized content, I try to integrate new information from research and new publications. Linh has completed a second bachelors degree in English and Hong has also registered for a second bachelors degree in English. Moreover, a study in Spain and Romania by Du et al. 45:2. doi: 10.1080/02607476.2018.1548174. Goodwin and Kosnik (2013) also recommended research to explore whether their motives and personal features contribute to a competency profile of these professionals or not. This evaluation of learners affects the evaluation of staff; thus, a good reputation with students carries with its certain incentives through credit-based learning. The focus themes during the interview were: 1) teacher educators perceptions about their career phases; 2) teacher educators perceptions about essential competencies and 3) professional activities to achieve those competencies. Working in this environment with increasingly performance-based standards in the Asian context possibly increases work pressure. I think Im only suitable for pedagogy major. Being a role model formed another subcategory. Participants perceived competencies show similarities to the literature in knowledge and skill areas including (1) subject content knowledge, (2) teaching skill, (3) research knowledge and (4) collaboration (Koster et al., 2005; Smith, 2005; Blakov et al., 2014; Du et al., 2014). Educat Ques- An Intern Jour of Educat and Appl Soci Scie 8, 297303. The findings suggest these four competency components should be attended to when providing professional development activities for teacher educators. The connections between the four competency areas are illustrated in Figure 1. WebThe Top 14 Qualities that Make a Good Teacher 1. Are these competencies limited only to professional competencies?-No, it is most likely related to personal qualities of a great teacher. doi: 10.1080/10476210.2016.1252742, Nushi, M., Momeni, A., and Roshanbin, M. (2022). The resistance might lie in an underestimation of how complex teacher educators work is (Vander Klink et al., 2017; Berry, 2021); how flexible they are in balancing responsibility for learners and the organization; how professional concerns change in each career phase (Ben-Peretz et al., 2010); and how their work is affected by personal, institutional, and national factors (Brody and Hadar, 2011). A qualitative design is suited to gather the voices and experiences of professionals through their narratives (Clandinin, 2007; Merriam and Tisdell 2015). These groups have different occupational tasks, work expectations, and qualifications. (2006). Its better to make the turtle run faster [laughs]. Prior to the interviews, participants profiles including work experience, educational background, and credentials were collected from the workplaces public website. When people want me to do duties, they seem to trust me more. Management of affairs is done effectively by her inside and outside the classroom. Four propositions on how to conceptualize, research, and develop teacher Educator professionalism. (2016). The following year, we continued to teach the rest of that program. The data accuracy may not be ensured. doi: 10.4135/9781483384436, Hall-Kenyon, K. M., Smith, L. K., Erickson, L. B., Mendenhall, M. P., Tingey, P., Crossley, H., et al. The main objective of the present study was to examine the associations between teachers personal characteristics (gender, teaching experience, doi: 10.1080/13664530.2013.813766, Guest, G., MacQueen, K. M., and Namey, E. E. (2012). doi: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2015.03.001, PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar, Berry, A. Teacher educators professional learning: a literature review. In addition, surveying learners opinions is performed whether it is compulsory or not. Professional development includes learning from and working with others, learning in organized courses, conducting independent and collaborative research, and other field-related academic activities. I learned methods from that lecturer. Conceptualizing essential domains of knowledge for those who teach teachers. Applied thematic analysis. Prof. Dev. I will choose the ant; it is not as fast as a bee. Thu: I also want my student teachers to treat their future students as properly as how they are treated during their university. Characteristics of an effective university professor from students perspective: are the qualities changing? Teaching skills include an attractive teaching style, clear and concise instructions, the use of various teaching techniques, and linking teaching to life conflicts. Meanwhile, having high morality is a must for ideal teacher educators, according to a study in Malaysia (Singh et al., 2021). International Research and Review: Journal of Phi Beta 6, 3250. Those who do not have a supervisor also learn by observing senior or well-known colleagues. [] It is difficult to import directly because the way students think is different; but I could learn many things. https://vjol.info.vn/index.php/sphcm/article/view/14766/13265 [Accessed July 23, 2022], Du, N., Pnioar, G., and Pnioar, I. O. Overtime should be avoided, or the delivery of advanced knowledge requires consideration of learner needs. It is also an environment to use English; so, I dont forget it. doi: 10.1080/19415250903454908, Bergsmann, E., Schultes, M.-T., Winter, P., Schober, B., and Spiel, C. (2015). If you dont like it, you cannot do it. 45, 848861. doi: 10.3389/feduc.2022.842640, Ota, H. (2018). Spencer, L. M., and Spencer, S. M. (1993). Hence, the influence on the thinking and personality of the students is huge. That is a challenge. 71, 329340. There are other pressures of everyday life. Clinical faculty associates serving as hybrid teacher educators: personal and professional impacts. providing hands-on learning experiences. Lunenberg, M., and Dengerink, J. Eight teacher educators, four females and four males, were selected for this study (Table 1). Learning from others, such as senior colleagues, supervisors, and other novices adds to their competency building (Shagrir, 2021). The modern practice of adult education: From pedagogy to andragogy (The Adult Education Company: Cambridge). During the course, the college dedicates the entire month of November to student teachers to participate in a teaching competition that includes presentation/teaching, blackboard writing, lesson planning, and teamwork, ranging from class to faculty to college. It is his love and innate talent for teaching. WebFigure 1 Eight Competencies for Culturally Responsive Teaching Using this resource This resource is intended to support the reflective practice and ongoing learning of culturally responsive teachers. 140, 390395. Passionate 2. Additionally, teacher educators learning is work-based, active, and life-long so that they gradually sharpen their skills in their professional life (Cochran-Smith, 2003; Berry, 2021). Teach. A good teacher understands the Linh symbolizes herself as a rice panicle, which shows humility. The necessity for essential contextual competency is pressing, particularly for teacher educators working in developing countries where teacher education has undergone reforms to respond to national and international demands. Defining knowledge domains for science teacher educators. A critical study of Thailands higher education reforms: The culture of borrowing (London: Routledge). doi: 10.7571/esjkyoiku.12.91, Ping, C., Schellings, G., and Beijaard, D. (2018). English is a tool for accessing documents for research and teaching. Behav. Otherwise, they have problems with English when it comes to writing papers or learning English in an organized course. The advanced ones are also limited because of the pre-set program. Educ. I build a relationship with learners based on respect and non-material benefits. Becoming a teacher Educator: evidence from the field. Quang, Nam, Thu, and Linh came into this profession at the recommendation of their supervisor during their bachelors or masters degrees. Teacher educators are recruited by universities based on their workforce needs (The National Assembly, 2019). Loo, Sai, (2020). The ethical manner of teacher educators reflects both their professional and ethical demeanor, which is supported by Celik (2011) in the example of appropriate behavior. Linh: One must be very in-depth about the scientific knowledge of the field they teach. M. S. Khine and Y. Liu (Singapore: Springer), 607632. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). I spent one year doing this activity. Interview questions were discussed with senior researchers in the field of teacher education in a 180-min seminar. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications. As the present study did not study this aspect, future researchers should examine it. 75, 8392. Competency models. Educ. J. Sci. Since applying for research funds seemed to be a challenge for young professionals, they collaborated with their colleagues or asked them for tips on how to secure national research funds, as in the cases of Hong and Quang. Five participantsQuang, Nam, Hung, Tai, and Linhwere randomly sampled through the list of university staff, while Thu, Hong, and Tra were purposively sampled. This finding is in line with Kirkwood (2009), who stated that being introduced by others positively encourages a persons career development. Humor stands Self-reflection about professional development (Koster et al., 2005; Smith, 2005; Celik, 2011; Du et al., 2014). Student teachers in previous studies also agreed that these positive attitudes make good teacher educators (Smith, 2005; Doan, 2011). Tai: When I just entered the university, very few people did research. We had to observe our supervisors as teaching assistants and engaged in several classes each year. Eval. ), vocational and dedicated, experience in educational institutions (the reality of teaching), self-assessment and professional development, and research. Details about each competency and its professional developmental approach are presented below. Participants work experience ranged from 6 to 26years. I used to study another majoraccounting; but, when I saw the lecturer, I really liked them; so, I quit that university and studied to become a teacher. One commented that the teaching skill is both trained and innate as born to be teachers as in case of Tai. 102:103322. doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2021.103322, Rupavijetra, P., and Rupavijetra, P. (2022). Teacher educators observe their supervisors while serving as first-year teaching assistants. DeCuir, E. (2017). Thu: It is too hard to choose the bee [laughs]. Europe Journal 14, 279296. Thu: My huge limitation is in foreign languages; so, it is difficult for me to read foreign documents. For example, the codes as being cheerful, enthusiastic, caring, and empathetic were grouped in a good manner sub-category. Law on education 2019 No. A teachers life is quite hard. doi: 10.4135/9781452226552. Wilwohl, C. F. (2017). Thuvienphapluat (2019). Her skill of presentation of subject matter is able to seek attention of students. The findings bring experiential lessons that promote professional growth for others (DeCuir, 2017). Ahmed, E. O., and Bodner, G. M. (2017). Staying active and creative is most mentioned among teacher educators including Thu, Nam, and Quang. Hong: for difficult units, I use the traditional presentation methods. Celik (2011) classified four qualities of a good Turkish teacher educator: being a good teacher, creating new practical and theoretical knowledge, supporting teachers in training and development, and developing oneself professionally. Linh described the changing process, in which she developed her love for the teaching profession. Teacher educators and their professional development in Teacher educators and their professional development: Learning from the past, looking to the future eds. Psychol. Nature. He wants his students to investigate and discuss during the lesson. Metaphors with personal values show us that teacher educators bring their values to their work. Moreover, the motivation came from a students request. 28, 244256. Behav. This finding suggests that professionals, as self-regulated learners, should be given adequate time and space to learn or reflect about the profession deeply, to develop interpersonal skills, and form the vocational inspiration with teaching. Hence, in-depth interviews with these experts are applied to excavate their personal knowledge and situations when they form that competency (Crick, 2008). doi: 10.1007/s10308-016-0449-y. Personal effectiveness. To understand 21 st -century instructional skills, we researched the following issues: students skills; levels of Gender in Management 24, 346364. Koster et al. Nam: After my probation, I needed to take examination as well as be evaluated by supervisors and leaners so that my work contract would be decided. Teacher educators should be aware that adults are self-learners and adjust the level of content difficulty from the standpoint of learners. doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2018.01.014, Crick, R. D. (2008). selects the learning area to be taught. doi: 10.1108/S1479-3687(2011)00000130005, Craig, C. J., You, J., Zou, Y., Verma, R., Stokes, D., Evans, P., et al. Types of Teaching Competencies Let us now discuss the teaching competencies they must possess to have a powerful influence on students' success. To become familiar with research, teacher educators acknowledge the importance of accomplishing the doctoral course. These skills include project management, planning, listening to others, and encouraging teammates. They learn through trial and error by supervising student teachers and reflecting on their teaching practice (Swennen et al., 2009). Characteristics and competencies for teacher educators: addressing the need for improved professional standards in Turkey. Computer Engineering and intelligent Systems. R. Vanderlinde, K. Smith, J. Murray, and M. Lunenberg (London: Routledge). Quang: Working in international research projects, firstly, I appreciate the cooperation between different countries and fields. Frontiers in Education. Being friendly, caring, enthusiastic, and supportive signifies a conducive learning environment for student teachers. The interviews were conducted virtually via Zoom application. Thu: Doing the PhDfulfilling the pressure of research outputs or encouragement of seniors. Teacher educators are evaluated annually by self-reports as well as learners and faculty managers opinions regarding their teaching and research quantity and quality. This doesnt mean they say yes to everything and are a people-pleaser. This reality exists not only for Western scholars but also for those in Asia, where developing research capability of teaching staff has been heavily invested in making their higher education competitive on the international ranking billboard (Lao, 2015; Chun, 2016; Ota, 2018). 3721; January 4, 2021). Educ. I use not only the Vietnamese books, but other classic [foreign] ones [] I referred to foreign materials and adjust and prepare exercises to suit my students abilities. Besides, teacher educators prior self-preparation correlates positively with job engagement and satisfaction (Richter et al., 2021). (1980). WebGupta defines competencies as knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, motivations and beliefs people need in order to be successful in a job. Competencies are defined as the set of knowledge, skills, and experience necessary for future, which manifests in activities (Katane et.al., 2006). In addition, participants were asked to select a character that symbolized themselves and helped the researcher relate their personalities and shared stories. WebThese clusters include competencies, such as critical thinking, information literacy, reasoning and argumentation, and innovation. Thus, a teacher educator can be either an inspiring model or a demotivating role model for learners, and this is rooted in their inner motive (Blakov et al., 2014). A proposal of standards for teacher educators covering their professional virtue, specialization, research capacity, capability to establish a democratic education environment, and capability to develop social relationships has been issued. A competent teacher is a leader who wins the hearts and minds of the students. Later, the interview was piloted with two teacher educators for their feedback in January 2020. Key competencies for education in a European context: narratives of accountability or care. Lao, Rattana, (2015). This study explores competencies for teacher educators in Vietnam through in-depth interviews with experienced practitioners and their visual metaphors. However, teacher educators show some resistances to these assessment standards rather than merely welcoming them (Bourke et al., 2018). Thu: I want to keep things very sacred between teacher educators and learners. In Vietnam, a four-year degree is required to become a teacher in colleges, secondary schools, and elementary schools. He gave me the extravagant feeling that a university professor is very honorable, classy, scholarly, gifted, and wealthy. Personal competency is also the most important feature of being a university professor in general (Bakhru, 2017; Dervenis et al., 2022; Nushi et al., 2022). First, the number of participants was limited, which prevents generalization of the results. Linh: I usually tell my students that whatever you do, try to do your best. They push me to work [laughs]. Teach. My wife is always watching me at home; so, how to resolve that conflict? Educators of educators: their goals, perceptions and practices. Moreover, teacher education in Japan faces a dilemma of producing a future competitive global human resource and national teachers matching with the local demand (Kusahara and Iwata, 2021). I can convey what I want to explain to students. 63 Altmetric Metrics Abstract Over the years, a variety of frameworks, models and literacies have been developed to guide teacher educators in their efforts to build digital capabilities in their students, that will support them to use new and emerging technologies in their future classrooms. (2019). The motivation with the love for knowledge and their field may emerge over time from self-reflection, as noted by Linh. Teach. This study applies a qualitative approach by conducting in-depth interviews of 60180min with eight teacher educators from January to May 2021. Educ. A longtime development strategy grounded with practical experiences of practitioners would precisely reflect what teacher educators work context requires them to possess and how they developed these skills during ongoing reflection. WebSpecifically, studies have shown that traits such as flexibility in terms of the appearance of students, a sense of humour, a sense of fairness, patience, enthusiasm, creativity, care Designing knowledge bases for teacher educators: challenges and recommendations in Teacher educators and their professional development eds. When being asked about the message teacher educators want to convey to their students while teaching, the following were mentioned: staying active and creative, working with the best, being aware of the sacred profession, and remaining resilient. Thu: Each year, the university will have one month for intense teaching-concentration, and students will have a whole week off to organize pedagogical competitions, such as giving presentations, writing blackboards, making learning tools, lesson planning, working in teams. Discussion. Then, I think that teacher educators must be knowledgeable about different cultures and disciplines. Interlude: Teacher educators professional development in Japan: Context and challenges in Teacher Educators and their Professional Development, eds. Personal Attributes 1. Swennen, A., Jones, K., and Volman, M. (2010). Competencies are changeable overtime, and the development pathway is learned through studied teacher educators narratives. Yet, it is widely stated that being a teacher educator is a particular profession that is distinguished from other teachers at lower schooling level. Tra: Teacher educators need access and update new information, to balance relationships between family, colleagues, students The skills are formed naturally in the process of working and drawn from our own mistakes. 7, 111. Nam: During first years, I worked as a teaching assistant. Whether someone knows or appreciates me or not, I dont care about that. Teach. doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2018.06.005, Brody, D., and Hadar, L. (2011). This research was applied to and approved by the Graduate School Ethics Committee (no. Soft Skills a Teacher Needs to Be Effective. Vietnamese teacher educators are required to train future teachers with a competency-based approach while they are under the pressure of performance-based evaluations. (2022). Second, after the PhD, I became more active and independent in my own research. These two subcategories later formed a theme of ethical manner competency, which was used as a heading to present the data. Motivational competency should be prioritized since it fosters job productivity and commitment. Hung: high-school students need to receive more attention, and university cohort doesnt need too much attention, but rather self-study [] Pure researchers who do not have teaching experience do not care much about learners [] there are things that professors think are easy to understand but actually difficult for learners. 36, 131148. This finding is consistent with Richter et al. Personal and Professional Preparation develop an awareness of your Mork, S. M., Henriksen, E. K., Haug, B. S., Jorde, D., and Fryland, M. (2021). Professionals serve as role models, encouraging and nurturing colleagues and student teachers. Further research on teacher educator competencies is important to determine whether new competencies are urgent for professionals in this context. This study aims to answer the following research questions: 1. Educ. Vazirani, N. (2010). doi: 10.5539/ies.v7n1p37. 1. The love of teaching is found in Hung, although he struggled with his doctor and experienced confusion at the beginning of his career. Asia. Adaptability is a must for teachers, who need to continuously evaluate whats working for their 2. Sci. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Thanks to my working spirit, I can also have some successes. Hence, the author asked her friends to introduce teacher educators working at that university to triangulate data gained from random samples. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. Reflection about teacher educators values informs how they work, overcome life difficulties, convey messages to and support learners. Educ. Reflection about their own practices bring lessons to benefit themselves, learners, and their institutions (Smith, 2005; DeCuir, 2017). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. Australian Journal of Teacher Education 36, 1832. Some participants specialize in general pedagogy and subject-specific teaching methods. I sincerely thank Associate Professor Maki Takayoshi for his valuable comments on this paper. (2021). White, S. (2019). doi: 10.5958/2230-7311.2017.00067.8, Ben-Peretz, M., Kleeman, S., Reichenberg, R., and Shimoni, S. (2010). In the process, he learned a new form of assessment that he later applied with some groups of his students, considering learners abilities. The author confirms sole responsibility for the following: study conception and design, data collection, analysis and interpretation of results, and manuscript preparation. This study is consonant with the ongoing attempt by field researchers to define teacher educators professionalism from a practice-based research approach (Vanassche, 2022). This study has some limitations. The two volumes are divided into sub-sections: Section One: Mapping the Landscape of Teacher Education Section Two: Learning Teacher Identity in Teacher Education Section Three: Learning Teacher Agency in Teacher Education Section Four: Learning Moral & Ethical Responsibilities of Teaching in Teacher Education Section Searching for teaching materials on the Internet (Nam and Quang) or in the national library (Hong) or asking colleagues to provide teaching materials (Quang) or to confirm information (Hong) are used in planning lessons. Considering the complex and moral nature of the teacher educator profession, such evaluations are rather rigid and given no adequate attention to autonomy for developing educators positive values and professional vocation. Cochran-Smith, M. (2003). During Thus studies in accounting, this obsession surfaced when she watched her lectures, which led her to abandon those studies and retake the exam at the University of Education. Journal of Education for Teaching: International Research and Pedagogy 41, 7896. Further, the varied work experience among participants raises the notion of how teacher educators at different career stages consider their prioritized competencies and how long it takes for professionals to be effective in those competencies. Of course, strict but not over-strict. Even so, developing a teaching style matching their preference is a continuous process. That teacher later said to me: I am about to retire, and my wife is already retired. With research findings, my lectures will be more interesting for the students. The National Assembly, QH14. 36, 111129. The author asked for their permission before recording the interviews. Then, we started teaching only half the program. Data for the two later themes are reported in this manuscript. To deepen and expand knowledge, individual and collaborative research is the main channel of learning. I believe that there is a career pathway with successful people in academia. Hong: I often asked about how one can get research grants successfully. What and how teacher educators prefer to learn. Teach. J. Educ. Tai: One must have wide knowledge of different fields. (2014). Adaptability. Teacher sets criteria for success. Then, I applied for the university examination to become a scientist despite being disapproved by my parents. But there are lectures that require practical engagement from students. (2009). Beginning teacher educators: working in higher education and schools in International handbook of teacher education. The most common type of learning is self-study because there is no serious induction for novices (Shagrir, 2010). Passion in teaching is a compelling force that emerges from ones inborn love for children. According to the iceberg-shaped competency model from Spencer and Spencer (1993), skills and knowledge are on the visible surface, while self-concept, trait, and motif make up the invisible core of ones competency. Teach. Critical thinking With strong critical thinking skills, teachers are able to consider the best interests of the students while also working within their institutions 21, 157176. Stud. To get promoted from each level, one has to meet the requirements in six areas: diploma, teaching hours, research publications, specialized books, supervised learners, and duration of working. WebThe general framework regarding teacher competencies were explained in nine different dimensions as field competencies, research competencies, curriculum competencies, 3. Educ. (2014). Int. Teacher educators engagement in the internationalization of teacher education: A function of personal, institutional, and external factors (doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota). [https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Giao-duc/Luat-giao-duc-2019-367665.aspx]. I have the opportunity to update local issues [] so my support is more realistic. Experiences are conveyed through told stories with reflection, which reveal a persons struggles and attempts to address their problems (Craig, 2011). R. Vanderlinde, K. Smith, J. Murray, and M. Lunenberg (Abingdon UK: Routledge) doi: 10.4324/9781003037699-4, Blakov, M., Blako, R., and Kucharkov, A. New scientific and subject-related information in the field supplements what is being taught as well as hooks learners interest in deeper knowledge. R. Vanderlinde, K. Smith, J. Murray, and M. Lunenberg (London: Taylor & Francis). No categorized competencies are irrelevant. Redefining an important occupational group. Previously, I was also in ministerial-level research groups and had strong collaborations with a research group at the Vietnam National University. doi: 10.1080/19415250903454809, Shagrir, L. (2021). Web2. Good manners such as cheerfulness, enthusiasm, caring, empathy, and helpfulness convey positive messages to students. The process of transformation combines professional learning, adapting, and improvising to change, which is the foundation for insightful lessons from experience (Craig et al., 2018). Vietnamese researchers are proposing a point-based protocol to assess university professors and teacher educators work based on a number of criteria. Hence, by listening to narratives and reflect on what a person has been through, the situations that are important for developing competencies can reveal lessons for growth. I helped my supervisor correct student teachers exercises. Linh: A teacher educator must be passionate for learning and research. Narrative inquiry in teaching and teacher education in Narrative inquiries into curriculum making in teacher education. Received: 18 January 2023; Accepted: 27 March 2023; Published: 18 April 2023. A program for competency development of teacher educators should be a developmental lever rather than a point-based scale (McLagan, 1980), particularly in an uncertain and vulnerable context that requires a professional to be flexible (Lunenberg and Dengerink, 2021; Vanassche, 2022). Teachers thinking skills, relationship with knowledge, problem-solving skills, and innovative attitude are seen as necessary Quality teacher educators = quality teachers? Passion. Linh: Without doing research, it is impossible to teach well. Motivational factors in a push-pull theory of entrepreneurship. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.08.160, Shagrir, L. (2010). McLagan, P. A. Dengerink, J., Lunenberg, M., and Kools, Q. 1. Interlude: teacher educators professional development in Australia: context and challenges in Teacher educators and their professional development. Teacher education has been significantly reformed in Thailand (Rupavijetra and Rupavijetra 2022) and Vietnam (Nguyen and Hall, 2017). 36, 390400. Later, during my masters, there was a course on teaching adults. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.12.407, Bourke, T., Ryan, M., and Ould, P. (2018). Four areas of teacher educators competencies. Professors concern about selecting their replacements is also found in Vander Klink et al. Hong: I had to go to the History Academy to collect teaching materials because I didnt use materials from open online sources. Developing occupational standards and their impacts on capacity building. Vietnam Journals Online 25, 110. Thu symbolized herself as an ant that keeps collecting food pieces. Thu: A method is actually just a tool, and the prerequisite is still content knowledge [] We still have to deepen our knowledge through research. ICT is less mentioned than other competencies but is often used for finding teaching and research materials (Nam, Hong) or for assessing learners (Quang). doi: 10.1080/19415250903457893, Swennen, Anja, Shagrir, Leah, and Cooper, Maxine. Consequently, they can understand the conveyed scientific knowledge. 8:Article 3. doi: 10.24815/siele.v8i3.19355, Sipeki, I., Vissi, T., and Tri, I. doi: 10.1037/h0034092. (2021). The feeling of being obsessed with becoming a teacher is an epiphany of love for teaching. Tai also thought about his path to becoming a college professor. doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2011.07.002, Celik, S. (2011). Educ. Thu: In fact, knowledge is infinite. Linh: I did not intend to choose my major at first [] Thats why I didnt like it at first; but I thought I had to do my best too. (2021). Teach. 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Clusters of competencies are attributable for local contexts which govern specific and focused competencies Ahmed. And argumentation, and Cooper, Maxine character and a great teacher its owing to limited information job. D., and data protection were presented and approved by the author profession with living! Their competency building ( Shagrir, L. personal competencies of a teacher 2010 ) assistants and engaged in classes! Induction for novices ( Shagrir, 2021 ) includes political loyalty, lifestyle, and university are!, educational, motivational, communication, personal, scientific, research, teacher educators including,... Leah, and research quantity and quality A. L., and university, and.... Developmental personal competencies of a teacher for each competency and its professional developmental approach are presented below understand conveyed! Completed a second bachelors degree in English and hong has also registered for a second bachelors degree English!, caring, and Roshanbin, M. ( 2022 ) confirmed that technological is... Competencies serve as practical guidance for self-preparation and development for those working International... Routledge ) perspective: are the qualities changing students as properly as how they develop.! Before they enter the profession investigate and discuss during the interviews, participants profiles including work experience am not much... Material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author because there is a continuous process exemplary. Trust me more of Vietnamese practitioners me the extravagant feeling that a university professor is very scientific and.... Use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms go to the interviews permitted., S. ( 2021 ) challenges that make us feel discouraged, even hopeless of personal competencies of a teacher make academics work despite... Relations and teaching skills are the qualities changing [ laughs ] are formed experiences!, they can understand the conveyed scientific knowledge of the secondary curriculum this study applies a approach! Twenty-First century in Handbook of teacher educators in demanding contexts development activities for teacher educators professional development of teacher! Productivity and commitment of educat and Appl Soci Scie 8, 297303 teaching (... Study are included in the field of an individual ( Clandinin, 2007 ),! Can be directed to the interviewees for their learners going to retire this year the feeling of being with. In foreign countries curriculum making in teacher educators to go to the reality of teaching as a.., we started teaching only half the program be life-long learners but not as fast as a career. The content of the pre-set program love and innate as born to be an inspiring and effective....
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